The problem of the beginning of iron production in the Late Bronze Age of the Ural-Kazakhstan region is discussed. For this. 13 iron-bearing artefacts from nine settlements that functioned in the 2nd mil. BC were studied using the SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS methods: metal objects. https://countryscenesaddleryandpetsuppliers.shop/product-category/hanovarian-bridle/